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Citizens band radio - Wikipedia. Typical 1. 98. 0s CB base station, used with outdoor antenna. This radio may also be used in an automobile, since it is powered by 1. V DC. Shown with Astatic Power D- 1. Cobra 1. 8 WX ST II mobile CB radio with microphone. Citizens band radio (also known as CB radio) is, in many countries, a system of short- distance radio communications between individuals typically on a selection of 4. MHz (1. 1 m) band.
Citizens band is distinct from other personal radio service allocations such as FRS, GMRS, MURS, UHF CB and the Amateur Radio Service ("ham" radio). In many countries, CB operation does not require a license, and (unlike amateur radio) it may be used for business or personal communications. Like many other two- way radio services, citizens band channels are shared by many users. Only one station may transmit at a time; other stations must listen and wait for the shared channel to be available.
It is customary for stations waiting to use a shared channel to broadcast the single word "Break" during a lull in the conversation.[citation needed] This informs people using the channel that others are waiting. A number of countries have created similar radio services, with varying technical standards and requirements for licensing. While they may be known by other names, such as the General Radio Service in Canada,[1] they often use similar frequencies (2. MHz) and have similar uses, and similar technical standards. Although licenses may be required, eligibility is generally simple. Some countries also have personal radio services in the UHF band, such as the European PMR4. Australian UHF CB.
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History[edit]United States[edit]Origins[edit]. A QSL card issued by a US CB station in 1. The citizens band radio service originated in the United States as one of several personal radio services regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). These services began in 1. In 1. 94. 8, the original CB radios were designed for operation on the 4. MHz UHF band.[2] There were two classes of CB radio: "A" and "B". Class B radios had simpler technical requirements, and were limited to a smaller frequency range.
Al Gross established the Citizens Radio Corporation during the late 1. Class B handhelds for the general public.[3]Ultra- high frequency (UHF) radios, at the time, were neither practical nor affordable for the average consumer. On September 1. 1, 1. Class D CB service was created on 2. MHz, and this band became what is popularly known today as "Citizens Band". There were only 2.
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Some hobbyists continue to use the designation "1. Citizens Band and adjoining frequencies. Part 9. 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations regulates the Class D CB service, on the 2. MHz band, since the 1. Most of the 4. 60–4.
MHz band was reassigned for business and public- safety use; Class A CB is the forerunner of the General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS). Class B CB is a more distant ancestor of the Family Radio Service. The Multi- Use Radio Service is another two- way radio service in the VHF high band. An unsuccessful petition was filed in 1. Class E CB service at 2. MHz, which was opposed by amateur radio organizations[6] and others.
There are several other classes of personal radio services for specialized purposes (such as remote control devices). During the 1. 96. By the late 1. 96. CB clubs were formed; a CB slang language evolved alongside 1. After the 1. 97. 3 oil crisis the U. S. government imposed a nationwide 5.
CB radio was used (especially by truckers) to locate service stations with better supplies of fuel, to notify other drivers of speed traps, and to organize blockades and convoys in a 1. One leader was able to almost single- handedly coordinate an interstate highway blockade of hundreds of tractor- trailers in eastern Pennsylvania using the citizens band radio in his truck. His name was J. W. Edwards and his "handle" (on air nickname) was "River Rat".
The blockade began on I- 8. River Rat's messages literally being relayed from one area of trucks to the next.[8] The radios were crucial for independent truckers; many were paid by the mile, which meant their productivity was impacted by the 5. The use of CB radios in 1. Smokey and the Bandit (1. Breaker! Breaker!
Convoy (1. 97. 8), popular novelty songs such as C. W. Mc. Call's "Convoy" (1. Breaker- Breaker from the Outlaws (1. Movin' On (debuted in 1. The Dukes of Hazzard (debuted 1. CB radio as a nationwide craze in the USA in the mid- to late 1. Originally, CB required a purchased license ($2.
March 1, 1. 97. 5) and the use of a callsign; however, when the CB craze was at its peak many people ignored this requirement and invented their own nicknames (known as "handles"). Rules on authorized use of CB radio (along with lax enforcement) led to widespread disregard of the regulations (notably in antenna height, distance communications, licensing, call signs and transmitter power). Betty Ford, the former First Lady of the United States, used the CB handle "First Mama".[1. Voice actor Mel Blanc was also an active CB operator, often using "Bugs" or "Daffy" as his handle and talking on the air in the Los Angeles area in one of his many voice characters. He appeared in an interview (with clips having fun talking to children on his home CB radio station) in the NBC Knowledge television episode about CB radio in 1. Similar to internet chat rooms a quarter- century later, CB allowed people to get to know one another in a quasi- anonymous manner.
As with the internet, CB radio usage allowed the worst characteristics of anonymity. Originally, there were 2. CB channels in the U. S.; the 4. 0- channel band plan was implemented in 1. Additionally, there were two more channels between 2. A & 2. 2B. Several people had 2.
A, but not many had 2. B. In the early 7. Radio Shack sold a "base station" CB radio that contained a crystal for each of the 2.
A & 2. 2B crystals for an easy plug- in. Channel 9 was officially reserved for emergency use by the FCC in 1. Channel 1. 0 was originally often used for highway travel communications east of the Mississippi River, and channel 1. Mississippi; channel 1.
Many CBers called channel 1. Channel 1. 1 was originally restricted by the FCC for use as the calling channel. The original FCC output power limitation for CB radios was "5 watts DC input to the final amplifier stage", which was a reference to the earlier radios equipped with tubes. With solid state radios becoming more common in the 1. FCC at the same time the authorized channels were increased to 4. The current specification is simply "4 watts output (AM) or 1.
SSB)" as measured at the antenna connector on the back of the radio. The old specification was often used in false advertising by some manufacturers who would claim their CB radios had "5 watts" long after the specification had changed to 4 watts output. The older 2. 3- channel radios built under the old specifications typically had an output of around 3.
The FCC simply rounded up the old "5 watts DC input to the final amplifier stage" specification to the new "4 watts output as measured at the antenna connector on the back of the radio", resulting in a far simpler and easier specification. Initially, the FCC intended for CB to be the "poor man's business- band radio", and CB regulations were structured similarly to those regulating the business band radio service. Until 1. 97. 5,[1. Channels 1- 8 and 1. After the inter- station/intra- station rule was dropped, channel 1.
During this early period, many CB radios had "inter- station" channels colored on their dials, while the other channels were clear or normally colored (except channel 9, which was usually colored red). It was common for a town to adopt an inter- station channel as its "home" channel. This helped prevent overcrowding on Channel 1. CBer to monitor a town's home channel to contact another CBer from that town instead of a making a general call on Channel 1.
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